Water wells are excavations constructed in the earth for accessing groundwater that underground aquifers contain. Many techniques are used to make the excavation, including boring, drilling, digging, and driving. Mechanical or manual means may be used during excavation. Containers are used to draw water by hand or pumps may be installed to pump groundwater out. When there is need for water well services TX should be among the first locations to check out.
History indicates that the first instances of wells were made at least 8000 years ago. These structures varied a lot in their level of sophistication with some being simple scoops made in sediments of dried-up watercourse. On the other hand, others were so massive and sophisticated that they played a major role in livelihoods and civilization of certain ancient cities. Major examples of sophisticated wells are Stepwells, shadoofs, and sakiehs of India and the ganats of Iran.
Today, the types of wells in existence are very many. Common examples include driven, drilled, and dug wells. Ancient life and civilizations were dominated by dug wells. They supplied potable water but they had no pumps. These types of wells are still in use, particularly in rural regions.
Constructing driven wells uses well hole structures. The main components of the structure are screens and drive points. Driving of the drive point into the ground is done using tripods or drivers. As the driving process continues, sections of pipes are added as it is needed. Before a pump gets installed after reaching groundwater, sediment generated during the process has to be washed away first.
Drilled wells are constructed through various means. Some of the most commonly used means are use of cable tool drilling machine, table rotary, or top-head rotary. All the three means employ a drilling stem which is turned to form a cutting action in the formation. Excavation may be done by hand or machine. Hand drilling methods include jetting, driving, augering, sludging, and hand percussion. On the other hand, machine drilling methods include percussion, rotary, and hammering.
There are two broad classifications of drilled wells, that is, confined or deep wells and shallow/unconfined wells. As suggested in the named, shallow wells are completed within the upper-most saturated aquifer. On the contrary, unconfined wells extend into aquifers between two impermeable strata through impermeable stratum. Wells can also be classified into two groups based on use. These two groups are production/pumping and monitoring wells.
Determination of certain factors must be done before the excavation process is started. Some of these important factors include water table depth, seasonal fluctuation, rate, recharge area, and the geology. Groundwater surveyors and hydrogeologists are the professionals whose work is to determine these factors. Some of the tools and techniques they use in their work include electro-seismic surveying, geologic maps, and geophysical imaging.
Shallow sources are often used as a low-cost supply of potable groundwater. However, they are prone to contamination from various sources leading to health and other risks. Most waterborne diseases can be spread through contaminated wells. Dug and driven wells are very unreliable in the US because they are easily contaminated.
History indicates that the first instances of wells were made at least 8000 years ago. These structures varied a lot in their level of sophistication with some being simple scoops made in sediments of dried-up watercourse. On the other hand, others were so massive and sophisticated that they played a major role in livelihoods and civilization of certain ancient cities. Major examples of sophisticated wells are Stepwells, shadoofs, and sakiehs of India and the ganats of Iran.
Today, the types of wells in existence are very many. Common examples include driven, drilled, and dug wells. Ancient life and civilizations were dominated by dug wells. They supplied potable water but they had no pumps. These types of wells are still in use, particularly in rural regions.
Constructing driven wells uses well hole structures. The main components of the structure are screens and drive points. Driving of the drive point into the ground is done using tripods or drivers. As the driving process continues, sections of pipes are added as it is needed. Before a pump gets installed after reaching groundwater, sediment generated during the process has to be washed away first.
Drilled wells are constructed through various means. Some of the most commonly used means are use of cable tool drilling machine, table rotary, or top-head rotary. All the three means employ a drilling stem which is turned to form a cutting action in the formation. Excavation may be done by hand or machine. Hand drilling methods include jetting, driving, augering, sludging, and hand percussion. On the other hand, machine drilling methods include percussion, rotary, and hammering.
There are two broad classifications of drilled wells, that is, confined or deep wells and shallow/unconfined wells. As suggested in the named, shallow wells are completed within the upper-most saturated aquifer. On the contrary, unconfined wells extend into aquifers between two impermeable strata through impermeable stratum. Wells can also be classified into two groups based on use. These two groups are production/pumping and monitoring wells.
Determination of certain factors must be done before the excavation process is started. Some of these important factors include water table depth, seasonal fluctuation, rate, recharge area, and the geology. Groundwater surveyors and hydrogeologists are the professionals whose work is to determine these factors. Some of the tools and techniques they use in their work include electro-seismic surveying, geologic maps, and geophysical imaging.
Shallow sources are often used as a low-cost supply of potable groundwater. However, they are prone to contamination from various sources leading to health and other risks. Most waterborne diseases can be spread through contaminated wells. Dug and driven wells are very unreliable in the US because they are easily contaminated.
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